NBA 2025 Key Messages

The NBA 2025 key messages distill some of the most important findings of NBA 2025 in a way that is accessible to various audiences.

Each message includes a summary paragraph with a confidence statement. The messages draw on evidence from NBA analyses (e.g., Red List status, ecological condition), explain, why this matters (e.g., consequences for people), and point to practical actions, responses, and interventions that can be taken.


How to use these messages

  • Read each key message with its underlying data and analyses.

  • Use them to inform sector strategies, cross-sector planning, research, scenario planning, and implementation roadmaps.

  • Treat confidence statements as guidance on certainty, evidence quality, and agreement. The confidence statements use the four-box model adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES).

The NBA provides a summary of the state of biodiversity at a point in time. It cannot list every action or intervention; instead, it serves as a strategic tool that should stimulate discussions among stakeholders and inform sector specific strategies and action plans, cross-sectoral planning, research strategies, scenario planning, and co-produced response strategies that follow from the NBA.

CLUSTER A: Cross-realm pressures on South Africa’s biodiversity are impacting people

This cluster highlights the key pressures on South Africa’s biodiversity across realms, and how these pressures have impact on the numerous benefits people derive from biodiversity.

A1. Accelerated climate change has widespread impacts on biodiversity and people

A2. Unsustainable land use and sea use changes erode natural capital and undermine ecosystem services

A3. Pollution reduces water quality, impacting aquatic ecosystems and their dependent economic activities

A4. The prevention and management of biological invasions remain a priority

A5. Building on past successes, opportunities exist for more sustainable and equitable fisheries

A6. Innovation is needed to address escalating illegal wildlife harvesting and trade

A7. Freshwater flows from land to sea are essential for coastal ecosystems, species and communities

CLUSTER B: Improving the status of South Africa’s biodiversity is key to a sustainable and equitable future for all

This cluster relates to the status of South Africa’s biodiversity, using national and international headline indicators. These messages encourage intensive effort towards ensuring a society living in harmony with nature, where biodiversity conservation and sustainable use ensure healthy ecosystems, with improved benefits that are fairly and equitably shared for present and future generations.

B1. Recovery efforts are required to curb rising extinction risk and a growing number of threatened species

B2. Estuaries, rivers and wetlands are the most threatened and least protected ecosystems in South Africa

B3. Genetic diversity of South African indigenous species’ populations is declining

B4. Enhancing effectiveness of protected and conserved areas for mitigating pressures on biodiversity will build on progress in representing ecosystems and species

B5. Scientific and well-documented programmes are needed for ecosystem restoration and species recovery

CLUSTER C: Inclusive actions across the whole of government and whole of society are needed to secure nature’s contributions to people

This cluster speaks to three all-inclusive and over-arching actions that are needed to accelerate the calls to action expressed in each message in cluster A and B.

C1. Safeguarding South Africa’s biodiversity calls for a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach

C2. Investment in biodiversity monitoring is crucial for management, decision-making, research and reporting

C3. Innovative finance solutions are needed to address funding and capacity constraints in the biodiversity sector